Verbena

This group consists of about 200 hardy and tender perennials, some of which are semi-evergreen. They are natives of North and South America. Verbenas or Vervain can grow from 6 inches to 4 feet high and may be bushy or creeping in growth. The toothed or cut leaves usually grow opposite each other and reach a length of 1 to 3 inches. In the summer or fall, slender stalks arise and bear flattened clusters of flowers, 2 to 3 inches across. They may be multi-colored, red, rose, peach, pink, purple, lavender, or blue, usually with a white eye. V. Bonariensis (Purple Top) is a pretty species forming basal rosettes of serrated, wrinkly, dark green leaves. In the summer and autumn, thin stems topped with clusters of tiny, bright purplish-pink flowers grow. This species can reach a height of up to 5 feet.

Pot Cultivation

Verbenas are hardy from zones 5 to 10 depending upon the variety. They can be grown as annuals in cold climates; they are tolerant of drought and are especially suitable for growing in hot, desert climates. Grow these plants in fertile, well-drained soil that is moist to on the dry side, in a sunny location. Mulch with dry straw in cold winter areas.

Propagation

Start seeds indoors at a temperature of 65 � F. Plant them in sandy soil, 8 to 10 weeks before it's safe to plant outside. Seeds may be sown directly outdoors where they are to grow when the soil is warm. The roots of some species, such as V. rigida may be divided in the fall in mild climates; elsewhere, in the spring. Stem cuttings may be taken in the spring or fall and inserted in sand.